What is Encoding?

Video encoding compresses raw video data into distributable formats using codecs. Learn how encoding works and how it affects video quality and file size.

  • Video Formats & Codecs
  • 4 related terms
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Definition

Video encoding is the process of converting raw or uncompressed video data into a compressed digital format using a codec, producing a file suitable for storage, streaming, or distribution.

Encoding explained

Encoding is the technical process that transforms the output of a camera sensor or rendering engine into a distributable video file. During encoding, the codec analyzes frames and applies compression algorithms: intra-frame compression reduces redundancy within individual frames (spatial compression), while inter-frame compression compares adjacent frames and stores only the differences (temporal compression). The encoder parameters (codec choice, bitrate, profile, level, keyframe interval) determine the trade-off between quality, file size, and compatibility. Software encoders (x264, x265, libvpx) offer maximum quality control; hardware encoders (NVIDIA NVENC, Apple VideoToolbox) prioritize speed. Cloud video platforms re-encode uploaded files into multiple resolutions and bitrates for adaptive streaming, which is why upload quality above the platform's target bitrate rarely benefits final playback quality.

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